Nehemiah - נְחֶמְיָה - rebuilt the walls and gates of Jerusalem in 52 days (6:15). The name Yeshua - in Hebrew יֵשׁוּאַ - means "the Lord saves." In Greek Jesus and Joshua are both spelled as Iesous - Ἰησοῦς. Joshua and Jesus are spelled the same in this instance. Nehemiah 8:17 refers to Joshua, Son of Nun. Both Nehemiah and Ezra were present at the same time during the reading of the Law (Nehemiah 8:9). Ezra read the Law of God before the people in an assembly by the Water Gate (8:1-12). Nehemiah served as Governor of Judah (5:14) for twelve years, and it was during this time that he restored the gates and walls of Jerusalem. Nehemiah 1.5 opens with a prayer to the Lord God of Heaven, "for you preserve your covenant of mercy with those who love you and keep your Commandments." The Jerusalem Temple did not exist for 70 years (586-516 BC) during the Babylonian Captivity, in fulfillment of the prophecy of Jeremiah (25:11-12). The rebuilding of the Jerusalem Temple (also called the Second Temple) began in 520 BC under King Darius of Persia (521-485 BC) and was completed in 516 BC. In keeping with the Post-Exilic Books of the Restoration, Nehemiah 2:1 mentions the adopted Babylonian name Nisan for the first month, Nehemiah 6:15 records Elul for the sixth month, and Nehemiah 1:1 Kislev for the ninth month in the Hebrew lunar calendar.Īfter conquering Babylon, King Cyrus of Persia (559-530 BC) decided in 538 BC upon a policy of local identity and self-rule, and allowed the Jewish people to return to Jerusalem. Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi served as Post-Exilic Prophets.
The Babylonian Exile marks an epochal point in the history of Judah and Jerusalem, a period which serves as the point of division between the pre-exilic and post-exilic eras. The second deportation occurred in 597 BC following the King's attack of Jerusalem ( 2 Kings 24:10-17), and the third major deportation to Babylon occurred following the destruction of the Jerusalem Temple in 586 BC (2 Kings 25:8-12). The first group of exiles included Daniel and his three companions Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah ( Daniel 1:1-7). Following the King's victory in the Battle of Carchemish over Egypt in 605 BC (Jeremiah 46:2), he laid siege to Jerusalem in the third year of King Jehoiakim (608-598 BC) of Judah. The Diaspora, or major dispersion of the Jewish people, occurred during the period known as the Babylonian Exile, when the Jews were deported in three waves following the invasions of Jerusalem by King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon. See the Canon for a more complete discussion. The Historical Books are followed by Psalms and the Wisdom Books in the Greek Septuagint, the Latin Vulgate,Īnd Christian Old Testaments of the Bible. Were originally part of the Writings of Hebrew Scripture, but were placed in the Historical Books in the Greek Septuagint Old Testament.Ĭhronicles, Ezra and Nehemiah are followed by Tobias (Tobit), Judith, and then Esther in the Greek Septuagint. The Book of Estherĭescribed part of the Jewish Diaspora that stayed behind in Persia and did not return to Jerusalem during the Restoration. The Book of Ezra was originally combined with the Book of Nehemiah and served as a continuation of the Israelite history inĬhronology and textual issues exist for the Books of Ezra and Nehemiah. Ezra restored the Mosaic Law and the liturgical practices of Judaism. Eventually Nehemiah served as Governor of Judah and during that time rebuilt the walls and gates of Jerusalem. The prophets Haggai and Zechariah also played important roles in encouraging the people of Judah to return to their homeland and rebuild the Jerusalem Temple following the Babylonian Exile. The Books of Ezra and Nehemiah in Hebrew Scripture are the key literary sources for the period of the Restoration, the formation of the Jewish religious community after the Babylonian Captivity.
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